MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial Peptide Explained
Encoded in mitochondrial DNA, MOTS-c regulates metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise response. Why it's become one of the most studied compounds in metabolic longevity research.
What is MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA — discovered by Lee et al. (USC, 2015). Functions as a "mitochondrial signal" that travels to other tissues and modulates systemic metabolism.
Mechanism
- AMPK activation — cellular energy sensor.
- Folate/methionine modulation — interferes with AICAR/IMP.
- Insulin sensitivity — restores glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
- BAT thermogenesis — increases energy expenditure in brown adipose.
Result in pre-clinical: "exercise mimic" at cellular level.
Published studies
Lee 2015 (Cell Metabolism): IP MOTS-c restored insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. Reynolds 2021 (Nature Comm): improved endurance in middle-aged mice via mitochondrial gene expression.
Research dose ranges
Animal: 0.5–5 mg/kg SC/IP. Human research literature (self-reported): 5–15 mg/week divided in 2–3 doses SC. Descriptive context only.
Reconstitution
40 mg vial + 2 mL BAC = 20 mg/mL. 5 mg dose = 0.25 mL = 25 units U100.
Stacks
- NAD+ + Glutathione — full mitochondrial support.
- SS-31 — cardiolipin stabilization.
- Tirzepatide/Retatrutide — preserves lean mass during incretin-driven fat loss.
Availability
MOTS-c 40mg is one of our best sellers. View MOTS-c in the catalog →
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⚠ Research use only. Not medical advice.